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Short-term results of focal high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of the prostate suggest safety, excellent potency, and continence preservation as well as adequate short-term prostate cancer control in patients with localized prostate cancer, according to a study published in The Journal of Urology.

According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men, after skin cancer, and an estimated 191,00 new cases will have been diagnosed by the end of 2020. When men are diagnosed with prostate cancer they have to make sense of treatment options presented to them. It is important that they fully understand the risks and side effects that come with each treatment so they can make an educated choice.

Historically, trying to treat only part of the prostate, or subtotal treatment, had not been possible due to the deep anatomical location of the organ. Therefore, total destruction or removal of the prostate has been the “medical law of the land” for many years. 

However, with the advent of active surveillance and the realization that if technology made it possible we would treat only the diseased portion of the prostate.  Therefore, subtotal treatment became worthy of consideration.  At first, this concept was not looked upon favorably, but is now embraced by a substantial portion of the urologic community. 

One of the leading technologies for subtotal treatment is high intensity focused ultrasonography (HIFU).  HIFU, which ablates the prostate by heating and destroying the diseased tissue, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for prostate tissue ablation in 2015. HIFU was initially used for whole gland ablation, and has been proven effective for over two decades in Europe, and other regions around the world.

Today, with subtotal treatment of the prostate, the urologist can use HIFU to perform a hemi-ablation (treating half the prostate), or focal therapy (treating focal areas of disease), especially those identified by MRI with no other areas of disease, or multiple focal areas identified by MRI that can also be treated focally.  The newest generation of HIFU, Focal One, makes possible for individualized and flexible treatment planning to avoid ablating the entire prostate.  

Hemi-ablation or focal therapy offer a chance to avoid the possibility of injuring both sets of neurovascular bundles that assist in male sexual function. If we only treat one side of the prostate, the other side not being treated clearly protects the nerves on that side.  So the risks of erectile dysfunction and leakage of urine goes down significantly with less than total gland ablation. 

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More than 90 percent of men diagnosed with prostate cancer have localized disease, defined as cancer that hasn’t spread outside of the prostate. For some patients, urologists may recommend active surveillance or monitoring low-grade disease with periodic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests. But active surveillance may be difficult for patients who have been told they have cancer and do not want to live with the risk of it growing in their bodies.

Two standard choices have dominated treatments – radical prostatectomy and/or radiotherapy. However, a newer, minimally invasive treatment called high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged in the U.S. and is an appropriate, non-invasive choice for prostate cancer patients who meet certain criteria.

During a routine PSA test in 2017 at Rochester General Hospital, my urologist, John Valvo, M.D., was concerned about my test results.  Doctors consider PSA levels of 3.9 or lower to be normal, any my PSA score was 5.  After a biopsy, Dr. Valvo confirmed the prostate cancer diagnosis. 

“…”

Dr. Valvo mentioned another, newer treatment called high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), which was going to be offered at Rochester General Hospital in the fall of 2019, and said I was a good candidate. 

During this extraordinary time, we are very aware that our patients will be concerned not only about the Coronavirus / COVID-19, but for their general health, including any urological conditions for which they have been referred or for which they are already under investigation and treatment.

We have drawn up the following information to try and answer issues around outpatient consultations, scheduled operations and some changes that may be needed to the usual discharge arrangements for patients on hospital wards.